[...] some critical terms:
The
f-ratio is the quotient of the focal length and the aperture diameter (e.g., a 50mm lens with an aperture diameter of 25mm has an f-ratio of 50mm / 25mm = f/2).
The
exposure is the density of the light falling on the sensor, and the total light is the total amount of light falling on the sensor (total light = exposure · sensor area).
Given two systems where R is the ratio of the larger sensor diagonal to the smaller sensor diagonal, then:
- the focal length of the smaller sensor system times R gives the focal length for the same AOV on the larger sensor system,
- the f-ratio of the smaller sensor system times R gives the same aperture diameter for the same AOV as the larger sensor system,
- the same AOV and aperture diameter results in the same DOF for a given perspective and framing on both systems,
- the ISO of the smaller sensor system times R² gives the ISO for the larger sensor system that results in the same shutter speed for a given scene, metering, and aperture diameter,
- the same aperture diameter and shutter speed will result in the same total amount of light falling on the sensors for a given scene,
- the same total amount of light falling on the sensors will result in the same noise if the sensors are equally efficient.
[...]